The European Union: The New Europe and Beyond
© R. James Ferguson 2003The Department of International Relations, SHSS,
Bond University, Queensland, AustraliaSEMESTER 2, 2003
INTR12-204 (UNDERGRADUATE)
SUBJECT OUTLINE AND INTRODUCTION
The European Union:
The New Europe and Beyond
Map Courtesy PCL Map Library
(http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/europe/europe_ref02.jpg)
Lecturer & Coordinator: Dr R. James Ferguson Ph. 55 952520 Email: james_ferguson@staff.bond.edu.au
Guest Lecturers: Dr Rosita Dellios and Jill Margerison
1. INTRODUCTION:
This subject provides students with an understanding of the political, strategic and economic factors underlying the new Europe and the way Europe interacts with the wider international scene.
Profound changes have shaped contemporary European affairs, particularly in the post-1989 period. The fall of communist regimes in Eastern Europe and the emergence of a single European Union have changed the face of international politics and economics. With the expansion of the EU eastwards, new challenges face Europe as it attempts to integrate diverse cultures, create a strong, globally-recognised currency, and enhance its own defence and security. Issues of national identity, social diversity, and divergent views on integration, however, have meant that this has not been a straightforward process. Topics will include a study of the formation of the European Union, its current institutions, and its economic, social and strategic prospects for the future. The recent expansion of the European Union (formalised to include most of Eastern Europe through 2002-2004), and its policies towards a "wider" Europe embracing countries in the east and south will be analysed, as will relations with Russia and the U.S. Focus studies will include the current role of Germany, contemporary French policies, the place of the United Kingdom, the international implications of Russian politics, the future role of NATO, conflicts in Bosnia, Kosovo and Macedonia, European involvement in the diplomacy of the Mediterranean, and Europe's emerging foreign policy. Students may pick from a wide range of topics as research projects.
At the end of the subject, students will have a solid knowledge of the wider European scene and Europe's role in world affairs, as well as having an opportunity to research areas of particular interest or vocational relevance. No pre-requisite subjects are required.
2. TEXTS AND OTHER RESOURCES
.Textbook:
No single textbook can remain up-to-date with the rapid changes occurring in the wider Europe and its international relations. Instead a lecture bloc (handed out in sections during the subject) will be provided: -
FERGUSON, R. James & DELLIOS, Rosita The New Europe, 2002-2003 (Block of lecture and support materials)
Recommended reading:
Voluntary Background Reading could begin with one of the following -
ARBATOV, Alexei et al. (eds.) Russia and the West: The 21st Century Security Environment, N.Y., Armonk, 1999
AXTMAN, Ronald (ed.) Globalization and Europe, London, Pinter, 1998
BACHTLER, John et al. Transition, Cohesion and Regional Policy in Central and Eastern Europe, Aldershot, Ashgate, 1999
CAFRUNY, Alan & LANKOWSI, Carl Europe's Ambiguous Unity: Conflict and Consensus in the Post-Maastricht Era, Boulder, Lynne Rienner 1996
COLEMAN, William D. & UNDERHILL, Geoffrey (eds.) Regionalism and Global Economic Integration, London, Routledge, 1998
HEDETAFT, Ulf (ed.) Political Symbols, Symbolic Politics: European Identities in Transformation, Ashgate, Aldershot, 1998
HOLMAN, Otto Integrating Central Europe: EU Expansion and Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic, London, Routledge, 2002
HULDT, Bo et al. The Strategic Yearbook 2002: The Trans-Atlantic Link, Stockholm, Swedish National Defence College, 2002
LAURENT, Pierre-Henri & MARESCEAU, Marc (eds.) The State of the European Union: Vol. 4, Deepening and Widening, Boulder Colorado, Lynne Rienner, 1998
MOLLE, Willem The Economics of European Integration, Abingdon, Ashgate, 2001
PAGDEN, Anthony (ed.) The Idea of Europe: From Antiquity to the European Union, Cambridge, CUP, 2002
PRESTON, P.W. & GILSON, Julie (eds.) The European Union and East Asia: Inter-regional Linkages in a Changing Global System, Northampton MA, Edward Elgar, 2001
RODRIGUEZ-POSE, Andres European Union: Economy, Society, and Polity, Oxford, OUP, 2002
SAKWA, Richard Russian Politics and Society, London, Routledge, 2002
SMITH, Martin A. & TIMMINS, Graham Building a Bigger Europe: EU and NATO Enlargement in Comparative Perspective, Aldershot, Ashgate, 2000
Students will be directed to other materials throughout the course (see the Research Bibliogaphy below for some titles that may help your research). You will need to use academic journals, magazines and newspaper articles to keep yourself up to date on the subject (you will be directed to some of these from lecture bibliographies).
Journals, Database and Internet Resources:
Given the contemporary nature of the course, a large number of books, journals, newspapers, Internet and Database resources can be used. Sources should therefore include journals and articles, which can be found on the fourth floor, or else electronically via the Library Catalogue or by Databases: -
The Adelphi Papers
The Australian
Contemporary European Affairs
East European Politics and Societies
East European Quarterly
The Economist
Europe
Europe Asia Studies
European Business Journal
European Economic Review
European Environment
The Financial Times
Foreign Affairs
Foreign Policy
Global Society
International Affairs
International Security
Journal of Contemporary History
Journal of European Studies
Newsweek
Survival
Time
World Politics
A wide range of material will be found via the Databases Ebsco and Infotrac (available via Bond Library Webpages). Useful Internet Sources include: -
Students who wish to keep up to date will also find it useful to watch current affairs shows such as Dateline (SBS), SBS News, Foreign Correspondent (ABC), The Journal (SBS) and Euro Brief (BBC World). Radio features on ABC National Radio are also useful.
3.
LECTURE AND SEMINAR TIMETABLEWeek Lecture Topic
1. Introduction: The Pillars of European Cooperation
2. The Maastricht Treaty and Beyond: The Drivers of European Union
3. The Impact of Soviet and Russian Reforms 1989-2003
4. 'Small and Medium' State Perspectives: Spain and Mediterranean Initiatives
5. Convergence and Divergence in an Expanding New Europe
6. The New Germany - Transforming the European Landscape
7. The French Perspective on European and Global Affairs
8. The United Kingdom: Atlantic and European Orientations
9. The European Search for Peace and Security
10. Bosnia to Macedonia: Reconstruction and Governance in the Balkans
11. Emerging Trends in EU Foreign Policy: Cooperative or Competitive Diplomacy?
12. Conclusions-Not-Yet-Reached: Europe in the Global System
4. ASSESSMENT.
Breakdown of Undergraduate Course Assessment
1. One essay (approx. 2,250) 30%
2. One seminar paper (write-up, approx. 2,250 words) 30%
3. One exam 30 %
4. Seminar Presentation Mark 10%
Due Dates:
Seminar Presentation: As booked into Seminar Timetable (this will be passed out in the first tutorial, and finalised by Week 3). Presentation slots will be available for Weeks 2-12.
Written Seminar Paper: One week after Presentation. This must be a researched paper with full referencing.
Essays: Due by the end of Week 9 (by Friday 5 pm). If you are presenting a seminar in weeks 9-10, it is best to hand in your essay before that time. It is suggested that you have your essay topics finalised by Week 6.
Submission of Written Work: ALL written work, including essays and seminar papers, are to be placed in the assignment box on Level 1 of the Humanities Building (just outside the secretaries/administration area). Students should attach a cover sheet, keeping the bottom section for their own records.
Extensions and Late Submission: Upon reasonable grounds, students may request up to one week extension for essays or seminar papers. This must be made to the tutor in writing or by e-mail. Extensions beyond that time must be supported by written documentation indicating serious reasons for late submission. Unless adequate grounds for extensions have been made and are accepted by the tutor, penalties will apply to work submitted more than one week late.
5. ASSIGNMENT WRITING
Referencing and Bibliography
Grades are awarded on the standard Bond University scale. Students are expected to meet normal academic criteria. Students may use either the footnote or author-date system of referencing so long as this is done consistently. Essays without references within the body of the paper will be given a fail grade. Standard academic rules apply to this course. Remember that plagiarism, which is the unacknowledged use of another person's words or ideas, verbatim or paraphrased, will result in severe penalties (see University Handbook). Please talk to your lecturer if in doubt about these issues. Standard referencing techniques, as taught in the Core Communication Skills subject, or in other Bond University International Relations subjects, are acceptable. Standard variations of author-date and footnote systems can be used, but you must cite your sources both within the body of the essay and in a reference/bibliography list at the end of the paper.
Useful guides on referencing and writing academic essays and seminar papers will be found at: -
www.allenandunwin.com/estudy.asp
or off the Bond University Library website at
http://www.bond.edu.au/Library/Resourceguides/InfoSheets/APAStyleGuide.htm
or
http://www.bond.edu.au/Library/Resourceguides/InfoSheets/APAStyleGuide.htm
Seminar Presentation Guidelines
In the seminar presentations it is best to provide students with a 'base' information sheet, outlining your topic, the central question, the key facts, and a conclusion or a summary of where you are heading with the paper. Seminar presentations are an integral part of the subject and material presented is examinable.
Since there will be 1-2 speakers each week in the 1 hour seminar slot, plan your speaking time to 10-15 minutes with 5-10 minutes discussion time. You will need to have prepared some key questions to lead this class discussion. You may use video sources, overheads, powerpoint, or audio materials but ensure that suitable equipment is available. If you are using video, use short and appropriate film selections. Bearing in mind the time-limits, you may need to present a slightly shortened version of your seminar paper. If you present your ideas clearly, this helps inform other students, and allows stronger feedback to be given on your topic. Incorporate suggestions or ideas suggested by the lecturer in the final version of your work. If you have booked in for a week ensure that you present at that time. If you need to re-book a time, see your lecturer in advance. Remember, this is a professional engagement. Students will only be re-booked if space is available in the timetable.
6. SEMINAR TOPICS
The following are some seminar topics which you can research. Alternatively, you may alter the focus of these questions, or negotiate an individual topic, but this must be done with the prior approval of your lecturer or tutor. In all cases, avoid overlap with your essay paper. (If in doubt, ask your lecturer.)
1) What were the long term implications of the Helsinki process of the mid-1970s for Europe?
2) Outline the system of classical nuclear deterence and its implications for Europe. What undermined this system of 'mutually-assured-destruction'?
3) How did the Solidarity movement manage to gain civil and political power in Poland? What were the wider European implications of this transition?
4) Outline the activities of organised criminal organisations in the wider European setting over the last decade. Why have these activities been highly problematic for European governmental and policing agencies?
5) Does President Putin have a particular agenda for relations with Europe? Critically discuss.
6) Is the EU moving towards a Federal system, or will it retain strong elements of inter-governmental regionalism? Critically discuss, noting trends in the 2002-2004 period.
7) Outline the functions and operations of the European Central Bank. What controversies have surrounded this Bank? Has it maintained a globally strong and stable euro?
8) Outline Germany's current foreign policy. Can this foreign policy be sustained in the current European and global setting?
9) Critically assess the government of Gerhard Schroeder. Has he be able to maintain a balance between social-democratic, 'Green', and 'Europeanist' interests?
10) Does Europe need to create a formal post for an EU Foreign Minister? Critically discuss in the light of proposed reforms through 2003-2004. Who might be suitable as the EU's first foreign minister?
11) What is the legacy of Helmut Kohl? Did his vision of a unified Germany within a unified Europe make Germany stronger?
11) Outline France's defence policy. To what degree is this based on a European rather than 'NATO-friendly' perspective?
12) Outline French cultural policies in the media, education, and language areas. Can they be maintained under the conditions of globalisation, as well as ongoing international pressures from the EU and WTO?
13) Is the extreme right in France politically 'dead'? What are the prospects for various ultra-nationalist parties such as the National Front?
14) Outline France's imperial and colonial legacies. How has this shaped France's view of its global role?
15) Critically outline Blair's 'Third Way' political agenda. Does this remain a viable policy in the 21st century?
16) Outline the limited devolution of powers back to Scotland and its parliament. Is this a useful way of sharing power with sub-national regions within an integrating Europe?
17) Outline the current economic outlook for the Republic of Ireland. To what degree is this based on European integration and markets?
18) Outline the history of the Basque independence movements, and the actions of ETA (Euskadi Ta Askatasuna - Basque Homeland and Liberty) in recent years. How can this national group be accomodated within Spain?
19) What challenges do Gypsies face in Eastern Europe? What impact will European expansion have on this problem?
20) Outline the European Commission's language policy. What problems does Europe have in either treating all languages as officially equal, or in accepting dominant major languages?
20) Is a shared European identity slowly emerging? If not, is a loosely shared culture and set of political procedures enough to keep Europe unified?
21) Who are the Euro-sceptics and what are their policies? Discuss in relation to one country (e.g. the UK, France, Denmark).
22) What is the impact of new membership in the EU for Eastern European states? Discuss recent trends on one new (or prospective) member state.
23) Outline the prospects and challenges for Turkey's request to join the European Union. Why has this been an extremely slow path for Turkey?
24) Outline the neo-functional model of European integration. Is the evolution of the EU a unique case, or can it be applied to other regions and other forms of regionalisation? (Begin with Rosamund 2000)
25) Discuss Kant's proposals for Europe as presented in his Perpetual Peace. Are these ideas still relevant today?
26) Outline Russia-NATO relations, including the 1998-2003 period. Should Russia be involved more closely in European security processes?
27) What role should NATO play in the 21st century, bearing in mind that, technically, it has no 'enemy nations' within the wider European region?
28) 'In spite of recent plans, Europe has neither the will nor the money to build a strong, independent European army.' Critically discuss in the light of US, French and NATO interests.
29) Critically outline the environment policy (and its application) in one European nation. To what degree is this country's economy and ecology balanced in a sustainable fashion? Are environmental 'costs' displaced onto third countries or regions?
30) Outline the benefits and costs of joining NATO for prospective new members. Is the aim mainly improving security, or are there other political benefits from joing this 'club'?
31) Outline the path of Croatia towards becoming an independent state. Was war an integral part of nation-building in this case?
32) Profile the economic and political potentials of Slovenia. What might the EU and NATO expect from this small but important state?
33) Has peace been achieved in Kosovo? What political milestones could make this region fragile in the future?
34) Profile recent political changes in Serbia. What challenges face this nation in the Balkan and European setting?
35) What role can a small-to-medium state such as Spain play in influencing the direction of European affairs? What particular issues are of importance to Spain in the current period?
36) What is the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership? How important is this agenda for Europe as a whole?
37) Outline Israel-German relations over the last fifty years. Why is this relationship extremely important for both countries?
38) What role should Europe, or European nations such as France and Germany, play in the Middle East peace process? (Include the impact of events through 2001-2003)
39) What is the French perspective on the 'War on Terror'? In what ways is this different from the orientation of the governments of the US and Britain?
40) Is the EU likely to emerge as a 'superpower' in the 21st century, or will its form of power be different to that used in the conflicts of the 20th century? (You might like to critically consider terms such as 'metapower', 'hyperpower' and 'soft power' in this context.)
7. ESSAY TOPICS
Please note, when choosing your essay do not select a topic which overlaps closely with your seminar theme. If in doubt, check with your tutor. Author and date references refer to works listed below in the Research Bibliography.
Q1. Why was the Maastricht Treaty so controversial as the basis of European Union? Discuss using examples.
Q2. What policies should the European Union take towards the National Missile Defence (NMD) system being adopted by the United States?
Q3. Has Europe really moved beyond the age of wars, or was the Cold War merely an interlude?
Q4. The European states have suggested that they will proceed with the Kyoto Protocol to reduce greenhouse gases in spite of a recent U.S. decision not to ratify it. Outline a suitable European diplomatic agenda to revitalise the Kyoto process, including events through 2001-2004.
Q5. Critically outline the EU's plans to stabilise the Balkans, economically and politically. Will this lead to stable democracies in the region of former Yugoslavia?
Q6. Outline the relationship between the EU and Australia. What are the strengths and weaknesses of this relationship?
Q7. Outline the European Union policies towards Cyprus. How are these complicated or aided by Greece and Turkey?
Q8. Does Russia have a democratic political and social system? What are the prospects for democratic reform in Russia? (Refer to the period of 1992-2003).
Q9. What factors led to the unification of Germany? What steps did West Germany take, from 1970 onwards, which helped prepare the preconditions for this unification?
Q10. Typify the role Germany plays in the wider European landscape. What constraints have influenced her policies over the last decade?
Q11. Outline the current status of the Slovak Republic within the European system. What are its relations with the Czech Republic, the EU, and NATO?
Q12. Should Germany move to create a stronger, more professional army, as has been proposed as part of the European Defense Initiatve? Critically discuss the problems and implications of such a trend.
Q13. Has NATO radically redefined its role since 1991? If so, why? Should it operate 'out of area' in defence of European interests?
Q14. What is Europe's relationship with, and interest in, Morocco? What complicates this relationship?
Q15. Briefly outline the place of the Ukraine in the history of Europe. What factors have complicated this relationship over the last decade?
Q16. Outline the role of nuclear power generation in countries such as the United Kingdom, France and Germany. Critically assess the political and social opposition to the use of nuclear power within Europe. (Nuclear power here refers to peaceful uses of nuclear power, not nuclear weapons as such.)
Q17. Is the EU a global champion of human rights? What undermines or limits this role? (Critically discuss using examples.)
Q18. Is Russia truly a 'market economy'? What are the implications of this for relations with the EU, US, and the WTO?
Q19. 'The nation, and nationalism, are fundamental to political systems in both parts of Europe; but they play different roles.' (Miall, 1993, p52) Discuss in relation to Western Europe and Eastern Europe.
Q20. Should Norway seek membership within the EU? What are the advantages and disadvantages of such a proposal?
Q21. What is Russia's perspective on the reconstruction and management of Iraq? What impact has this had on European and American agendas?
Q22. Outline the ongoing European Convention on the 'Future of the European Union'. Is this likely to result in an agreed upon Constitution for Europe through 2004?
Q23. 'Poverty and alienation remain real problems in many parts of Europe.' Critically discuss. Who does not benefit from the 'deepening and widening' of the EU?
Q24. Outline the current challenges facing the state of Macedonia. What resources can be mobilised to meet these problems?
Q25. Outline the problem of 'the big and the small' in the Europe Union. Can small states effectively influence the EU agenda? How is the power of great states (such as Germany, France and the UK) moderated within the European system?
Q26. 'In spite of its successes, the European Union needs to reinvent itself as a knowledge-based economy in order to maintain economic growth and social cohesion.' Critically discuss. (Begin with Prodi 2000).
Q27. What are outcomes of the recent Dutch elections? Do they have any implications for the rest of Europe?
Q28. Outline the effectiveness of the EU's 'Common Foreign and Security Policy'. To what degree is it undermined or aided by the independent foreign ministries of major European states?
Q29. Is Britain's involvement with Europe still limited by the effort to maintain a special 'Atlantic relationship' with the U.S.? Critically discuss in the light of actions by the Blair government through 2001-2003.
Q30. What challenges face Sweden today? What unique features mark Swedish national and foreign policy?
Q31. The fastest growing religion in Europe is Islam. Can Europe and European states adequately represent Islam and maintain the rights of Muslims? Critically discuss in the light of events through 2001-2003. (Begin with Asad 2002)
Q32. 'Ecologically, Western Europe has only recently been able to cooperate on limiting damage to its environment. Eastern Europe, and especially the Ukraine and parts of Russia, represent an ecological nightmare which will have negative impacts on all of Europe'. Critically discuss, using case studies.
Q33. Should France maintain an independent nuclear deterrence? Is such a posture meaningful now that the Cold War has ended?
Q34. Does neutrality have continued meaning in the European context? Critically discuss the history of this concept, noting the implications for Switzerland today.
Q35. By 1995 most internal barriers within Europe to the movement of goods and people had been removed. Does this present a major security problem, forcing the EU to reinforce its control of external borders, especially to the south and east? What are the implications of these trends?
Q36. On what bases, if any, do European nations, or the European Union itself, have a right to interfere with the internal politics of member countries, such as Austria?
Q37. What role does civil society play in influencing the EU agenda? Is this a model for governance that can be applied to other supranational institutions?
Q38. What is 'Francophonie'? Demonstrate how this enhances French influence in one region of the world (e.g. Africa).
7. RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY
The following are a small number of the total items held in the library on this subject. The following items are held, or have been recently ordered. Of course, you do not have to read all these items, but they will give you a start in looking for materials for your seminars and essays. Check Loan Shelves, Library Databases, Reference shelves, Reserve items, the Vertical Files in the Reserve Area, the Journals on level 4 of the Library, as well as Internet Resources.
ACKERMANN, Alice "The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia: A Relatively Successful Case of Conflict Prevention in Europe", Security Dialogue, 27 no. 4, 1996, pp209-424 (Vertical File)
ADOMEIT, Hannes "Russia: Partner or Risk Factor in European Security", Adelphi Paper, 285, London, IISS, February 1994, pp15-33
ARBATOV, Alexei et al. (eds.) Russia and the West: The 21st Century Security Environment, N.Y., Armonk, 1999
ANDOR, Lazlo "Economic Transformation and Political Stability in East Central Europe", Security Dialogue, 27 no. 2, 1996, pp207-225 (Vertical File)
ARCHER, Clive "The Nordic Area as a 'Zone of Peace'", Journal of Peace Research, 33 no. 4, 1996, pp451-467 (Vertical File)
ARTER, David The Politics of European Integration in the Twentieth Century, Darmouth Publishing Co., 1993
ASAD, Talal "Muslims and European Identity: Can Europe Represent Islam?", in PAGDEN, Anthony (ed.) The Idea of Europe: From Antiquity to the European Union, Cambridge, CUP, 2002, pp209-227
AXTMAN, Ronald (ed.) Globalization and Europe, London, Pinter, 1998
BACHTLER, John et al. Transition, Cohesion and Regional Policy in Central and Eastern Europe, Aldershot, Ashgate, 1999
BAILES, Alyson "European Defence and Security: The Role of NATO, WEU and EU", Security Dialogue, 27 no. 1, 1996, pp55-64
BALANYA, Belen et al. Europe Inc: Regional and Global Restructuring and the Rise of Corporate Power, London, Pluto, 2000
BALDWIN, Richard E. Towards an Integrated Europe, Centre for Economic Policy Res., 1994
BALKIR, Canan & WILLIAMS, M. Allan (ed.) Turkey and Europe, London, Pinter Publishers, 1993
BETHLEHEM, Daniel (ed.) The Yugoslav Crisis in International Law: Human Rights and War Crimes, Cambridge, CUP, 1994
BISCHOF, Gunter (ed.) Austria in the New Europe, Transactions Publishers, 1993
BRAIBANT, Sylvia & SIGMAN, Carole "Russia Through the Small Screne", Le Monde Diplomatique, February 2001 [Internet Access at http://www.en.monde-diplomatique.fr/2001/02/07russia]
BRAITHWAITE, Rodric "Russian Realities and Western Policy", Survival, 36 no. 3, Autumn 1994, pp11-27
BRIGHT, Christopher Understanding the European Union, Chancery Wiley Law, 1994
BRONSTONE, Adam European Security into the 21st Century, Abingdon, Ashgate, 2000
BUKHARIN, Oleg "Nuclear Safeguards and Security in the Former Soviet Union", Survival, 36 no.4, Winter 1994-95, pp53-72
CAFRUNY, Alan & LANKOWSI, Carl Europe's Ambiguous Unity: Conflict and Consensus in the Post-Maastricht Era, Boulder, Lynne Rienner 1996
CAMILLERI, Joseph & FALK, Jim The End of Sovereignty? The Politics of a Shrinking and Fragmenting World, Aldershot, England, Edward Elgar, 1992
COLEMAN, William D. & UNDERHILL, Geoffrey (eds.) Regionalism and Global Economic Integration, London, Routledge, 1998
Conybeare, John et al. The 1992 Project and the Future of Integration in Europe, Armonk, N.Y., M.E. Sharpe, 1993
Cowen, Regina H. E. SDI and European Security, New York, Institute for East-West Security Studies, 1987
Dallago, Bruno et al. Convergence and System Change: The Convergence Hypothesis in the Light of Transition in Eastern Europe, Aldershot, Dartmouth, 1992
DAWISHA, Adeed & DAWISHA (ed.) Making of Foreign Policy in Russia and the New States of Eurasia, N.Y., M.E. Sharpe, 1995
DE ANGELIS, Richard A. "A rising tide for Jean-Marie, Jorg, and Pauline? Xenophobic populism in comparative perspective (1)", The Australian Journal of Politics and History, 49 no. 1, March 2003, pp75-93
DROST, Harry What's What and Who's Who in Europe, N.Y., Prentice Hall, 1994
DUFFIELD, John S. Power Rules: The Evolution of NATO's Conventional Force Posture, Standford University Press, 1995
DUIGNAN, Peter & GANN, L.H. The United States and the New Europe: 1945-1993, London, Blackwell, 1995
Dunford, Michael & Kafkalas, Grigoris Cities and Regions in the New Europe: The Global-local Interplay and Spatial Development Strategies, London, Belhaven Press, 1992
EUROPA PUBLICATIONS Western Europe, London, Europa, 1993
FRANK, Peter "Stability and Instability in Eastern Europe", Adelphi Paper 285, London, IISS, February 1994, pp3-14
GEORGE, Stephen An Awkward Partner: Britain in the European Community, Oxford, OUP, 1994
GHEBALI, Victor-Yves & WARNER, Daniel The Operational Role of the OSCE in South-eastern Europe, Abingdon, Ashgate, 2001
GLASMAN, Maurice Unnecessary Suffering: Tradition, Transition and Transformation in Eastern Europe, Verso, 1995
GODEMENT, Francois "Europe and Asia: the Missing Link", in Asia's International Role in the Post-Cold War Era, Part II, Adelphi Paper 276, 1993, pp94-103
GORDON, Philip H. A Certain Idea of France: French Security Policy and the Gaullist Legacy, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1993
GREENWALD, G. Jonathan Berlin Witness: An American Diplomat's Chronicle of East Germany's Revolution, Pennsylvania State University Press, 1993
HAFTENDORN, Helga (ed.) America and Europe in the Era of Change, Boulder, Westview, 1993
Hancock, M. Donald Politics in Western Europe : an Introduction to the Politics of the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, and the European Community, London, Macmillan, 1993
HARLIG, Jeffrey "National Consolidation vs European Integration: The Language Issue in Slovakia", Security Dialogue, 28 no. 4, December 1997, pp479-491 (Vertical File)
Hayes, Carlton J. H. Contemporary Europe since 1870, New York, Macmillan, 1958
HEDETAFT, Ulf (ed.) Political Symbols, Symbolic Politics: European Identities in Transformation, Ashgate, Aldershot, 1998
HEINELT, Hubert et al (eds.) European Union Environmental Policy and New Forms of Governance, Abingdon, Ashgate, 2001
HEISBOURG, Francois "The British and French Nuclear Forces", Survival, 31 no. 4, July/August 1989, pp301-320
Heraclides, Alexis Helsinki-II and Its Aftermath: The Making of the CSCE into an International Organization, London, Pinter Publishers, 1993
HOLM, Hans-Henrik (ed.) Whose World Order?: Uneven Globalization and the End of the Cold War, Boulder, Westview Press, 1995
HOLMAN, Otto Integrating Central Europe: EU Expansion and Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic, London, Routledge, 2002
H
ØNNELAND, Geir et al. (eds.) Centre-Periphery Relations in Russia, Abingdon, Ashgate, 2001HØNNELAND, Geir & JØRGENSEN, Anne-Kristin Integration Vs. Autonomy: Civil Military Relations on the Kola Peninsula, Abingdon, Ashgate, 1999
HOWORTH, Jolyon "Britain, France and the European Defence Initiative", Survivial, 42 no. 2, Summer 2000, pp33-55
Hughes, H. Stuart Contemporary Europe: A History, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice Hall, 1991
HULDT, Bo et al. The Strategic Yearbook 2002: The Trans-Atlantic Link, Stockholm, Swedish National Defence College, 2002
INTERNATIONAL PEACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE, Conflicts in the OSCE Area, Oslo, PRIO, 1996
Jackson, Robert J. Europe in Transition: The Management of Security after the Cold War, London, Adamantine Press Limited, 1992
Jacquemin, Alex & Wright, David (eds.) The European Challenges Post- 1992: Shaping Factors, Shaping Actors, Aldershot, Hants, E. Elgar Pub., 1993
JARAUSCH, Konrad H. (ed.) Uniting Germany: Documents and Debates 1944- 1993, Oxford, Berghahn Books, 1994
JEFFRIES, Ian The New Russia: A Handbook of Economic and Political Developments, Richmond, Curzon Press, 2001
JUDAH, Tim "Greater Albania?", Survival, 43 no. 2, Summer 2001, pp7-18
KAELBERER, Matthias "Hegemony, Dominance or Leadership? Explaining Germany's Role in European Monetary Cooperation", European Journal of International Relations, 3 no. 1, 1997, pp35-60 (Vertical File)
KARP, Regina (ed.) Central and Eastern Europe: The Challenge of Transition, Oxford, OUP, 1994
KODMANI-SARWISH, Bassma "International Security and the Forces of Nationalism and Fundamentalism: Paper II", Adelphi Paper 266, Part II, IISS, London, Winer 1991/92 pp43-52
KRAMER, Steven Does France Still Count?: The French Role in the New Europe, Praeger Publishers, 1994
KRELL, Gert et al. "Immigration, Asylum, and Anti-Foreigner Violence in Germany", Journal of Peace Research, 33 no. 2, 1996, pp153-170 (Vertical File)
KROSTELEVA, Elena et al. (eds.) Contemporary Belarus: Between Democracy and Dictatorship, Richmond, Curzon Press, 2001
KUZIO, Taras Ukraine: Perestroika to Independence, London, Macmillan Publishers, 1994
LAOMES, Steven & PROVIS, Michael (ed.) A Changing France in a Changing World, French Australian Relations, 1994
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